$B

$BBh(B 1 $B2s(B

$B$N0LAjE*@-R2p$9$k(B

$BBh(B 2 $B2s(B

$BB?JQ?t4X?t$N6K8B(B

$BBh(B 3 $B2s(B

$BO"B34X?t$NDj5A$H$=$N4pK\E*$J@-

$BBh(B 4 $B2s(B

$BHyJ,$NDj5A$H0UL#(B -- 1 $B

$BBh(B 5 $B2s(B

$B9g@.4X?t$NHyJ,K!(B --$BO":?N'!$5U4X?t!&1"4X?t$NHyJ,$N8x<0!$6K:BI8(B

$BBh(B 6 $B2s(B

$BHyJ,$N7W;;K!$H0UL#(B -- grad $B$N4v2?3XE*0UL#!$Ey9bLL$N@\J?LL$HK!%Y%/%H%k!$J}8~HyJ,(B $B$H$N4X78(B

$BBh(B 7 $B2s(B

$BB?JQ?t(B $B

$BBh(B 8 $B2s(B

$BJ?6QCM$NDjM}!$(BTaylor $B$NDjM}(B -- Lagrange $B$N>jM>9`!$M-8BA}J,$N8x(B $B<0!$B?=E;X?t$N5-K!(B

$BBh(B 9 $B2s(B

$B6KBg!&6K>.LdBj(B -- $B!VFbE@$G6KCM(B $BDdN1E@!W!$(BHesse $B9TNs$N2r@O$K(B $B$h$kH=Dj(B

$BBh(B 10 $B2s(B

$B1"4X?tDjM}$H5U4X?tDjM}(B (1) -- $BFs$D$NDjM}$N0UL#$HF1CM@-(B

$BBh(B 11 $B2s(B

$B1"4X?tDjM}$H5U4X?tDjM}(B (2) -- $BDjM}$N>ZL@$HNc$NDI2C(B

$BBh(B 12 $B2s(B

$B>r7oIU$-6KBg6K>.LdBj(B -- Lagrange $B$NL$Dj>h?tK!(B

$BBh(B 13 $B2s(B

$B$^$H$a(B